ABSTRACT
Introduction: The presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify bacterial and fungal species present in vermicompost production
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in pilot scale in the laboratory of Public Health School in Shahid Sadoughi Univerity of Yazd. Sesame crust obtained from sesame pudding factory and cow manure mixed in three reactors with the dimension of 50 x 30 x 15 cm were used and went under the vermicompost process. Another reactor was also provided from cow manure as the control variable. Treatments were studied simultaneously during 60 days. Experiments were conducted to detect bacterial and fungal species
Results: Totally 18 species of negative-gram bacterial species, i.e., Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella Paratayfi A, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia alkali Fasyns, Klebsiella oxy-Toka, Ponomonya Klebsiella, Citrobacter frondii, Citrobacter Diorsus, Serratia Marsns, Hafnya Olovia, pseudomalle Burkholderia, Enterobacter Peinous, Enterobacter Anrogenious, Enterobacter de Solonos, as well as Neisseria polysakarya, and 3 positive-gram bacterial species, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Isteria monocytogenes grew. Overally, a total of five fungi species; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium, Penicillium, yeasts, and Unknown fungal species grew
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that presence of the organism in vermicompost depends on various factors, such as the action of enzymes of gut earthworms, coelomic fluid secretion, as well as competition between different groups of microorganisms
Subject(s)
Manure/microbiology , Cattle , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Bacteria , Fungi , Fertilizers/microbiology , CompostingABSTRACT
Introduction: The Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment [PACT] has been proposed as an alternative in wastewater treatment and wastewater biomass protection against toxic substances. This study aims to evaluate PACT performance in treating dyes, acid orange, and remazol brilliant reactive blue
Materials and Methods: This empirical- applied research was carried out in pilot scale in which different dye removal systems were tested: activated sludge, PAC, and the combined activated carbon-biomass system. The degradability of selected dyes was evaluated through Zahn-Wellens method. Also, tests continued by adding different concentrations of powdered activated carbon and it's effect on activated sludge in different operating conditions was investigated. American Dye Manufacture Institute [ADMI] method was utilized for determination of dye removal in samples
Results: Results revealed that dye removal in combined carbon-biomass system was faster and more efficient than activated sludge individually. So, in the wastewater with the dye concentration of 100 ppm, the dye removals through biological process alone were equal to 60 % and 12.5 % for acidic and reactive dyes, respectively. The best PAC efficiency in activated sludge process was obtained in 1500 mg/L PAC concentration. Hydraulic Retention Time [HRT] and the optimum temperature of dyes' removal were determined 28 hours and 30 [degree sign], orderly; in these conditions the dye removal efficiency of 98.18 % was obtained. Also the dye removal using activated carbon-biomass system was adequately described by combining the kinetic equations
Conclusion: PACT could be considered as an acceptable and highly efficient method for removal of different dyes in textile industry
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Detergents lead to many environmental problems. The main aim of this study was to evaluate sequencing batch reactor [SBR] efficiency on Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate [LAS] removal
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, to investigate the removal efficiency of LAS, a SBR reactor was used. A roughly 12-hour operating cycle was chosen which included the discharge time [30 min], the filling time [60 min], and sedimentation [1 hr], while the remaining time was devoted to aerating. In this research 48 samples were taken and analyzed. Sampling and testing were performed according to the standard methods of water and wastewater examination
Results: The results showed that minimum and maximum removal efficiencies of LAS in SBR reactor were 92 % and 99.5 %, respectively. The average removal of COD was 92 %. It was observed that 1 mg/l used surfactants produced 2.3 +/- 0.3 mg COD
Conclusion: It can be concluded that SBR reactor is capable of removing LAS to meet desirable environmental standards
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis [RA] is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease common in all races and ethnics. Cytokines and cytokines receptors play an important role in RA pathogenesis and clinical presentation. To investigate the serum levels of TNF-alpha, TNF-alpha RI, TNF-alpha RII and IL-12 in RA patients and healthy control group. In this study 43 patients fulfilling the revised criteria of American College of Rheumatology [ACR] for RA and 13 healthy cases as a control group were selected for TNF-alpha, TNF-alpha RI, TNF-alpha RII and IL-12 serum level analysis. The patients' age was 42.2 +/- 22 and the age of healthy group was 40.1 +/- 19.2 years [p=0.1]. The patients had an active disease with at least six swollen and ten tender joints. Minimum ESR was 28 mm at first hours of the morning. Early morning stiffness in patients lasted longer than 45 minutes. Our study showed that IL-12 serum level of the patients [91.69 +/- 43.07 [rho]g/ml] and control [61.79 +/- 40.08 [rho]g/ml] group was significantly different [p<0.001]. The serum level of TNF-alpha RI was 2.36 +/- 0.77 ng/ml in the patient and 1.73 +/- 0.37 ng/ml in the control group [p<0.01]. TNF-alpha RII serum concentration in patients was 8.89 +/- 2.3 ng/ml, while that of control group was 7.06 +/- 1.30 ng/ml [p=0.03]. The serum level of TNF-alpha in patients was 32.90 +/- 19.27 [rho]g/ml and that of the control group was 24.27 +/- 8.28 [rho]g/ml [p=0.08] with no significant difference between the two. It is concluded that IL-12, TNF-alpha RI and TNF-alpha RII serum concentrations are more important and better predictive factors than TNF-alpha in RA course and in the active forms of the disease